Obesity is chronic disease, the excessive supply of contained energy which causes in foods in relation to demand of organism. It comes to enlargement the storing in figure of fatty tissue the excess of energy. This excess of fat in turn visible it is in figure the "large stomachs, fatter thighs”.
the mathematical example Exists the taking under attention growth and the mass of body. The speech here about BMI ( the Bauds the Mass the Index) that is about Coefficient of Mass of Body. Counting we can qualify in organism the quantity of fatty tissue BMI. Numerous epidemiological investigations showed, that BMI correlate with with mass this tissue well as well as it makes possible the opinion of threat mortality and chorobowością.
Example on BMI: The BMI= the mass of body [in kilogramme] / the growth to square [in metres]
Example calculation:
Growth: 183 cm, that is 1,83 m
the Mass of body: 88 kg
BMI= 88 kg / (1,83 m x 1,83 m)= 26 kg / m2.
Which marks result "26”?. The classification of disorders of mass body exists estimated for help BMI (kg / m2). The risk of diseases of concurrent obesities from dependent BMI is (patrzeć schedule below).
| BMI | the Risk of diseases of concurrent obesities | |
|---|---|---|
| Short weight | & lt; 18,5 | Low (ale enlarged risk of different wholesome problems). |
| Norm | 18,5 - 24,9 | Average. |
| Overweight | 25,0 - 29,9 | Raised. |
| I ° obesity | 30,0 - 34,9 | Moderately raised. |
| II ° obesity | 35,0 - 39,9 | High. |
| III ° obesity | & gt; or= 40,0 | Very high. |
Result "26” marks so according to. schedule compartment "Overweight”. This is however almost on border from compartment the "Norm”, what near use of diet and the jump can mark pane the introduction of physical activity to group with correc mass of body.
BMI is not the credible coefficient of threat for women of athletes' pregnant diseases as well as persons about complex muscular tissue, growing children and to execute in older lid, at which persons the exact measurements of growth hard.
different methods of measurement Exist also. Can namely to qualify WHR. The type of obesity permits to qualify he. It to qualify the distribution of fat was can measure me the circuit of waist and hips. The circuit of waist (in centimetres) it measures in half of distance between bottom bank of ribs and the upper comb of hip os. The the widest circuit of hips (in centimetres) it defines on height of greater krętarza of femoral os. The relation of circuits of waist defines to hips then - WHR (waist this hip ratio).
the Obesity the wisceralną ( the type of apple) we recognize, when the coefficient the WHR is even or higher from 0,8 at women, and at men - when the WHR is even or higher from 1,0. Value of this coefficient poniżej 0,8 at women, and also lower from 1,0 at men, they permit to diagnose obesity udowo - gluteus ( the obesity of type the "pear”).
obesity of " the pear's type"At women more often steps out (udowo - gluteus) however the men are more talented to occurrence the obesity of type the "apple”, in which the fatty tissue gathers the abdominal cavity inside ( the abdominal fat, visceral). The obesity of type " the companions'”apple the larger risk of development of metabolic disorders, leaders to arterial hypertension, the coronary disease, diabetes and different diseases of arrangement of circulation.
On pronouncement obesity it influences several factors. They be talked over become after railway.
» Hereditary factors.
Susceptibility to obesity concerns often whole families. It it was affirmed was, that genetic predispositions exist towards ago. Exact mechanism be unknown, in process of formation of obesity several influencing on accepting foods genów be engaged and spending energy.
» Physiological factors.
size of meals, their frequency, composition, taste appetite be regulated Fizjologicznie, it is under control of central nervous arrangement. Influence on hunger has row tzw., that is chemical substances used by nervous arrangement to sending information neurotransmiterów and impulses between cells. For example noradrenalina (hormone) appetite enlarges on carbohydrates, however serotonina acts przeciwstawnie – that is the desire of consumption of sugars reduces.
» Psychological factors.
to treat as form mighty Obesity dependence, which to cause it can the loss of control over food. Obesity influences on quality of life negatively, it visits that obese person shuns from contact with men, it fears their rejection. To serve with comfortable explanation every personal failures, only food can be consolation, works out stress paradoxically obesity can stand on life with way, czy entertainment.
» Style of life.
it Is this the the most frequent cause of obesity - the consuming the excess of fat and the sugars of straight lines as well as the lack of physical exercises. It about 25% Americans 18 year of life above does not show no motive activity in free time at present. Fact for women is consoling little, that leading women are the sitting mode of life seven times more talented to rising on weight, however men four times.
was It been proper to remember about the liquor the consumed in excessive quantities which leads to enlarged delivery of energy ("empty calories”).
Smoking cigarettes reduces appetite imperceptibly, however it is not then to bear permitting method the mass of body and to keep health. Smoking and they are obesity first possible to avoidance the causes of deceases with sercowo-naczyniowych causes.
Obesity be connected from more frequent occurrence many illnesses.
was One should remember about getting to way doctor's opinion, what and the planned pace of slimming. Diet and they have to be settled rationally physical effort, because inappropriate independent treatment can carry unfavourable wholesome results.
» Physical effort.
the Intensive physical activity the state one of basic elements of every programme slimming.
In it treatment the excess of fatty tissue it courts efforts relatively small np. 1 - 2h march, but repeated by long period regularly. Initially should practice meringues to be led excessive burdening knees, hips and spine (pool) and their intensity should be enlarged gradually. To to take into account the intensity of should practices the efficiency krążeniowo - respiratory the and motive efficiency and their kind he should be accepted by losing weight person and adapted to schedule of day.
physical exercise facilitate the loss of energy, coexisting metabolic disorders level, it prevents the lowering the basic transformation of matter after slimming as well as tzw. effect jo - jo (that is puts on weight after slimming).
» Diet.
For obesity takes blame in first order fat. However in principle almost all, what we eat organism it can spend on energy and to store her in figure of fat. The excess of carbohydrates with diet is put aside in liver in figure of glycogen initially. The excess of carbohydrates be transformed in fat then. Particularly the sugars the straight lines ( the small bars of, chocolate, the sweets itp.) they cause the growth of mass of body. In a lot of smaller degree the excess of amino acids - come from from proteins in diet he - be transformed in glycogen also initially, and then in stored in fatty tissue fat.
Czy to give up from fat entirely? This inadmissible is. The fat is the source of energy, the insatiable fatty acids, carrier of solvable vitamins in fats and the indispensable cholesterol to synthesis of hormones. Moreover fat plays in thermoregulation important part. Therefore so important doctor's part is or else dietetician near establishing diet!
In process the slimming except it decrease of caloricity of meals it should depend first of all on limitation the consumption of fat the dietetic conduct as well as the sugars of straight lines. It was one should simultaneously consume vegetables how the most and fruit as well as avoid the consumption of liquor. The decrease of mass of body and pace of his will getting depended from size of energetistic deficit - the difference between got in diet energy and spended through organism. Optimum energetistic deficit assures about 1 kg the decrease of mass of body every week, and satisfactory - 0.5 kg every week.
» Pharmacological treatment.
the Doctor can take under attention the use of medicines. This usually concerns the cases refractory on different methods of treatment of obesity of high degree. It is then unfortunately far more imperfect method than np. physical activity and diet. It in principle on Polish market only two substances was can treat as connected from treatment obesity medicines: Orlistat (Xenical) and Sibutramina (Meridia).
» Surgical treatment.
In heavy cases large improvement was can get with treatment surgical. Gastroplastykę moves, that is the building of stomach was corrected operacyjnie. To concern interventions these they can from BMI persons 40 kg above / m2.
the operating Treatment can be applied at patients exactly informed, motivated only, the meringues of superfluous risk. Earlier indispensable wielospecjalistyczna is consultation (internist, surgeon, psychiatrist and dietetician).
» Psychotherapy.
Time suitable instructions for patient as well as indication emotional stimuli facilitates the reduction of excess of mass body. The analysis of behaviours and the connected with nourishment emotions and the change in this range, strengthening the patient's own samooceny, meeting and hidden the understanding of mechanisms for gorging and later the study of strategy of advice me with undesirable behaviours – all this can bring the desirable result: lowering the mass of body.
Above mentioned information has for task to to bring closer the weight of problem, what it is obesity. From excessive the row of diseases joins with mass of body and wholesome problems. Visit at doctor, advice and then proper diet and physical effort –, better mood, avoidance in future unpleasant affections for obese person can be on improvement of comfort of life the way, and also on prolongation life. It was it been proper really to take care about one's health, then priceless good.